An independent review into mental health conditions, ADHD and autism, chaired by clinical psychologist Professor Peter Fonagy, was published on 9 October 2026. It found mental distress has increased substantially among children and young people, attributing this to factors including social media, financial insecurity, uncertainty about the future, poorer sleep and reduced feelings of connection and belonging. Referrals and diagnoses for ADHD and autism have risen significantly, but the review found population-level prevalence of these conditions appears broadly stable.

The government said it would move towards earlier, needs-led support for children, young people and adults in England without long waits for a clinical diagnosis, to be set out in a forthcoming mental health strategy. It said it would work towards making all ADHD and autism diagnostic assessments a Care Quality Commission-regulated activity, review advertising practices and consult on a national tariff, with NHS England intending new payment arrangements from April 2027. It also cited plans including mental health support teams in every school and college by 2029 and a £4 billion special educational needs package.

Among 16 to 25 year olds not in education, employment or training, the interim report of Alan Milburn’s review found 24% cited depression or anxiety as their main limiting condition, 22% autism and 18% another mental illness.